These techniques, when used properly, make a chronological continuation of narrative as everything makes sense and is in the correct position. When you watch a scene where two characters are conversing, you don't notice until you know the method, but the camera always keeps the two characters facing the same way and position and keeps them on the same side. This is because the camera always stays on the same side, unless it breaks the rule to show the confusion or distortion of how the character is feeling.
Eye-line match is when the camera is focused on a character's face, we see them looking at something outside of the shot, but then the camera cuts to what the character was looking. A good example of this kind of editing technique is in the film "Kill Bill Vol. 1" when Uma Thurman escapes from the hospital and tries to overcome her paralysation by sitting in a car for 12 hours trying to wiggle all of her toes. You see the camera cut from her looking at her feet to her feet and back to her face.
A film maker normally uses this technique to normally show someone looking at something in the distance when they may have seen something that the audience hasn't to create suspense or it is sometimes used when someone is looking down at someone to create a sense of authority or power.
Film makers do not necessarily need to use this but it makes some scenes a lot better when the audience can't fully see what a character is looking at as it creates tension
Match on action is a technique that is used when people are moving out of a room, for example. The technique shows a character seamlessly moving in some sort of form, be it fighting, opening a door or simply walking from one place to another, but the camera changes location and makes it look as if the moving character hasn't done the same action several times whilst being filmed to make it look seamless.
Film makers use this technique most commonly in action scenes where one or more characters are moving quickly and the camera switches positions but the characters continue to move in the same way that they moved from a previous camera position, but it is done so seamlessly and professionally that it is not noticeable that they had paused for a few minutes or even longer to re-do the scene whilst the camera changed position.
When used, this technique helps the audience to understand what is going on even though the scene has changed as the audience understands and makes the connections when a character or characters are being filmed from different positions doing the same action.
Shot reverse shot is a technique that is used most commonly when two characters are talking and it cuts from one characters face to another, maintaining the 180 degree rule which means that it stays on one side of a straight line so as not to confuse people with the sudden change in character position.
Film makers normally use this technique between two characters when they are talking to each other. It is used to show or demonstrate what it is like when speaking to someone, when the other person is listening to the other talking.
The 180 degree rule is a rule which is very commonly followed in a many films. It is a rule which creates an invisible line which cameramen need to follow so as to maintain the same the same side that the focal point is on at the start. This is a rule that is followed quite often because it is used to keep a chronological narrative where characters and areas of focus are always in the same position.
Film makers use this technique to maintain continuity and to not confuse the audience as when the rule is broken, objects and people change positions and that can cause momentary confusion in the audience.
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